From a security policy perspective, hybrid threats refer to various types of illegitimate – and often covert – activities carried out by state or state-sponsored actors to influence other countries. These efforts combine diplomatic, military, economic, or technological means in a coordinated way to serve the actor’s own interests.
Hybrid threats cover a wide spectrum – from unusual diplomatic moves to more serious actions like espionage, sabotage, or the targeted spread of disinformation. The goal is not only to cause direct harm, but also to undermine societal stability, manipulate public opinion, and influence political decision-making.
