Conspiracy theories and disinformation can trigger fear, uncertainty, and reinforce prejudices. This may lead to hostile or aggressive attitudes toward people with different opinions, initiate or accelerate radicalization processes, and encourage the following patterns of thinking:
Personal fears and insecurities are projected onto specific groups or individuals, who are then seen as “enemies.” This fuels hatred and aggression toward them.
The world is divided into simplistic categories of “good” and “evil,” while complex realities are ignored or oversimplified.
During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of science became more visible in everyday life – politically, socially, and personally. As a result, science and research gained public attention – but also became targets of increasing skepticism and, in many cases, unfair or baseless criticism. Scientific findings – and even researchers themselves – were sometimes subjected to massive hostility and personal attacks.
Extremist conspiracy theories often portray opposing views or scientific arguments as part of the conspiracy itself. This makes factual discussion, education, or criticism nearly impossible. At the same time, these theories create a strong sense of belonging among followers – forming a tightly knit group with a shared mission and emotional connection.
Conspiracy theories and disinformation can strengthen group ideology and increase the likelihood of violence by individuals. They often serve as a gateway to radicalization - and in extreme cases, may lead to violent acts or criminal behavior.
